[parent] created /tmp/updater_toctou_hLoz6R/download.crx (fd=3) [child ] dup'd writable fd -> 5 (retained across rename) [child ] wrote GOOD payload, signalling download complete [parent] rename() -> /tmp/updater_toctou_hLoz6R/cache_hash.crx (inode=63236018) [parent] Verify() read: "GOOD-SIGNED-CRX-PAYLOAD-0123456789-0123456789-0123456789" [parent] Verify() result: OK_FULL [child ] parent finished verify -> overwriting via retained fd [parent] Unzip() read: "MALICIOUS-PAYLOAD-OVERWRITTEN-BY-NET-WORKER-AFTER-VERIFY" *** TOCTOU PRIMITIVE CONFIRMED *** *** Verify saw GOOD; Unzip saw MALICIOUS via retained FD ***